The United States has the world’s largest prison population, with more than two million behind bars. Alexander says this is mainly due to... Læs mere
For decades, social scientists had used a mythical figure to describe how humans make decisions: homo economics. He was logical and conscientious. To make a decision, he would evaluate all the options open to him, then choose the most rational course of action.
An instant bestseller, Sacks’s 1985 book argues that, by connecting with their patients and pay attention to their stories, doctors can provide significantly more effective care.
Milgram’s book describes the landmark psychology experiment he conducted as a young researcher at Yale in the 1960s. He recruited volunteers to give... Læs mere
Maslow’s 1943 essay established his idea of humanistic psychology as a “third force” in the field. While psychoanalysts sought to understand behaviour by uncovering subconscious desires and behaviourists through analysis of conditioned behaviours.
Elizabeth Loftus’ 1979 work explains why people sometimes remember events inaccurately and how this simple fact has a... Læs mere
The impact of William James’s 1890 The Principles of Psychology is such that he is commonly known as the father of his subject. Though psychology itself is a very different discipline in the 21st-century, James’s influence continues to be felt – both within the field and beyond.
In their 1990 work, Gottfredson and Hirschi introduce a new and comprehensive theory of crime. At the time, crime researchers tended to focus on environmental factors that led... Læs mere
In 1963’s The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan challenged the vision 1950s America had of itself as a nation of happy housewives and contented families.
Sigmund Freud, “the father of psychoanalysis,” was born in Vienna, Austria, in 1856. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna before opening a private practice in his... Læs mere
Why do we attempt to justify decisions that are clearly irrational? The answer lies in “cognitive dissonance,” the feeling of mental discomfort we experience when we hold two contradictory beliefs at the same time.
Gordon W. Allport’s 1954 book The Nature of Prejudice not only helped mold the ways in which psychologists investigate prejudice – it also shaped... Læs mere